Female Electricians in the US: Share, Count by State, Apprentices and Pay

Female electricians held 3.5% of US electrician jobs in 2025, up from 2.3% in 2015

The CPS share has drifted up by about 1.2 points in a decade, but single years jump around by a point or more because the survey interviews few electricians. The 3-year average is the steadier guide: 2.60% for 2015 to 2017 and 3.10% for 2023 to 2025.

The Current Population Survey (CPS) counted 1,063,000 employed electricians in its 2025 annual averages, and 3.5% of them were women (BLS Table 11). That share implies about 37,205 women electricians in the United States.

In 2015 the CPS counted 773,000 electricians, 2.3% of them women, or about 17,779 workers. The number of women electricians therefore rose about 109.3% between 2015 and 2025, while the share rose 1.2 points.

The annual series is not a smooth trend. The share fell to 1.7% in 2021 and reached 3.5% in 2025. Moves of this size within one or two years are mostly sampling noise: the CPS is a household survey, and electricians were only 0.65% of employed people in 2025, so each year's estimate rests on a small number of interviews.

Electricians (CPS and ACS): The CPS Table 11 row Electricians and ACS occupation code 6355 (Electricians). Electrical power-line installers and repairers are a separate occupation in both surveys (ACS code 7410), so they are not counted here.

Which states have the most women electricians: Washington leads by share, California by count

State estimates pool two ACS 5-year microdata files, ten years of responses (2015 to 2024 average), which roughly doubles the sample records per state. Among the 28 states with reliable counts (up from 16 on the 2020 to 2024 file alone), shares range from 1.39% in Georgia to 5.43% in Washington. Most state margins of error overlap with the US figure, and 23 state counts are still small samples.

The Data Desk tabulated the ACS 2015 to 2019 and 2020 to 2024 5-year Public Use Microdata Samples for all 50 states and DC, counting civilian employed people with occupation code 6355. Electricians carry occupation code 6355 (SOC 47-2111) in both files, and electrician records appear in every one of the ten survey years. Because the files cover different years, each weight is halved to give a 10-year average: 21,052 women of 901,158 electricians nationally, a share of 2.34% (+/- 0.12 points). The 2020 to 2024 file alone sums to 23,222 women, within 1.48% of the published national table (B24116) figure of 23,570.

Among states with a reliable count (coefficient of variation of 30% or less and at least 20 sample records of women electricians), the highest share is Washington 5.4% (+/- 0.9 points), followed by Oregon 4.5% (+/- 1.4 points), Mississippi 4.0% (+/- 1.3 points). The 10-year average lags a rising trend: the US share was 2.24% in the 2015 to 2019 file and 2.42% in the 2020 to 2024 file, so the table also shows each state's 2020 to 2024 share.

By count, California has about 1,810 women electricians (+/- 291), followed by Texas (1,571) and Florida (1,520). The five largest states by count hold 35.6% of all women electricians.

Only 5 states are significantly above the US share and 10 significantly below it at 90% confidence. For the rest, the state estimate cannot be told apart from the national figure even with ten years of sample. Rankings between neighbouring states in the table are not meaningful where margins overlap, and the 23 states marked use with caution should not be ranked at all.

Electricians sit mid-table among the trades, below the 4.3% construction average

Women's share of electrician jobs is low but not the lowest in construction. In 2025 roofers (0.9%) and HVAC mechanics (2.7%) were lower; painters (11.1%) and laborers (4.7%) were higher.

Across all construction and extraction occupations, women held 4.3% of jobs in 2025, up from 2.7% in 2015 (CPS). Women were 47.1% of all employed people in 2025.

The ACS 2020 to 2024 estimates rank the large trades in a similar band: electricians 2.44%, carpenters 2.37%, plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters 1.93% and HVAC mechanics 1.63%. ACS margins of error for these shares run from 0.12 to 0.16 points; at 90% confidence the electricians' share is statistically similar to carpenters, differs from plumbers and differs from HVAC mechanics.

For pay and growth across trades, see the highest-paying trades report. Demand and openings for electricians are covered in the electrician shortage report.

Women are 4.4% of electrician apprentices, a larger share than among working electricians

Apprentices are the pipeline into the trade. Women's share of active registered electrician apprentices (4.4% in FY 2024, DOL RAPIDS records) was about 1.53 times their share of employed electricians in the 2024 CPS and 1.82 times the ACS 2020 to 2024 share. The share has risen 1.9 points since FY 2015.

The Department of Labor's Registered Apprenticeship Partners Information Database System (RAPIDS) records each apprentice's sex. In the DOL copy published on the Colorado Information Marketplace (snapshot through March 2025), 4,640 of 104,559 apprentices active in core electrician titles in FY 2024 (October 2023 to September 2024) were women, 4.44%. Another 2,303 did not self-identify sex; excluding them, the share is 4.54%.

The share has risen each year in the series, from 2.50% (1,339 of 53,464) in FY 2015. Among new electrician apprentices registered in FY 2024 it was 4.88%, and among those who completed an electrician apprenticeship in FY 2024 it was 3.06%, so women are a larger share of recent entrants than of recent completers. Counting every electrical title, including maintenance electricians, gives 4.33%.

For comparison, women were 4.98% of all active apprentices in the construction industry and 12.53% of active apprentices in all occupations in FY 2024 (RAPIDS). IWPR's published analysis of RAPIDS gives 5.2% for electrician apprentices in FY 2024, 0.8 points above this count; IWPR does not publish its title list, and its 2023 figure (4.2%) matches the RAPIDS share among apprentices who reported sex in FY 2023 (4.20%). IWPR reports 4.9% for construction industry apprentices in FY 2024 in 43 states, close to the 4.98% counted here.

Do female electricians earn the same as men? Census microdata put the median at 90% of men's

BLS shows a dash for women electricians' weekly earnings in every year from 2015 to 2025 because fewer than 50,000 women hold full-time wage and salary electrician jobs. Census ACS microdata fill the gap: in 2020 to 2024, full-time year-round women electricians had a median of $57,721 a year vs $63,961 for men, 90.2% (+/- 7.2 points).

The Data Desk tabulated the ACS 2020 to 2024 5-year PUMS for electricians (occupation code 6355, SOC 47-2111) who were civilian employed, worked 50 or more weeks in the past year and usually worked 35 or more hours a week. Total earnings, including self-employment, were adjusted to 2024 dollars with the Census adjustment factor. The median for women was $57,721 (+/- $4,440, 722 sample records, about 16,934 workers) and for men $63,961 (+/- $1,312, 34,486 records).

The gap of $6,240 (+/- $4,657) is larger than its margin of error, so it is statistically significant at 90% confidence. It is an unadjusted comparison: it does not control for hours above 35, experience, union membership, state or self-employment. State figures are not shown: only 1 state (California, 51 records) has 50 or more sample records of full-time year-round women electricians.

In the CPS, full-time wage and salary electricians had median weekly earnings of $1,376 in 2025; men's median was $1,379. The CPS base for women was 26,000 workers, so BLS did not publish their median (BLS Table 39).

Across all construction and extraction occupations, women's median weekly earnings were $977 vs $1,105 for men in 2025, a ratio of 88.4%. In 2015 the ratio was 93.7%. Across all occupations the 2025 ratio was 82.1%. Among people who completed an electrician apprenticeship in FY 2024, IWPR reports a median hourly wage of $35.37 for women and $33.60 for men (105.3%).

Wages for all electricians by state are in electrician salary by state; union scales are in the IBEW pay scale report.

OSHA's construction PPE fit rule has applied since January 13, 2025

Three federal actions in 2025 bear on women in the electrical trade: a PPE fit requirement took effect, the executive order behind federal contractor affirmative action was revoked, and the Labor Department proposed removing affirmative action provisions from its apprenticeship rule.

OSHA published the final rule Personal Protective Equipment in Construction on 2024-12-12 (89 FR 100321). It revised 29 CFR 1926.95(c) so that employers must ensure PPE is selected to properly fit each affected employee, matching the general industry and shipyard standards. The rule took effect on 2025-01-13.

In the preamble, OSHA states that improperly fitting PPE is particularly important for smaller construction workers, including some women, who may not be able to use standard-size equipment. OSHA's construction advisory committee had identified ill-fitting PPE as a pressing issue for women in a 1999 report.

Executive Order 14173, signed 2025-01-21, revoked Executive Order 11246 and directed the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs to stop holding federal contractors responsible for affirmative action. On 2025-07-02 the Department of Labor proposed rescinding affirmative action provisions of 29 CFR part 30, the apprenticeship equal opportunity rule, including utilization analyses and goals. A Federal Register search on 2026-11-02 found no final rule.

For injury and fatality data in the trade, see electrical injury statistics. Training routes are described in how to become an electrician.

How we ranked the states

Get the calculations (CSV)

State by state

1. Women held 3.5% of US electrician jobs in 2025, according to BLS CPS annual averages (United States, 2025).^[1]
2. An estimated 37,205 women worked as electricians in the US in 2025, up from about 17,779 in 2015 (+109.3%), using CPS employment times the published share.^[1][4]
3. Women's share of US electricians rose 1.2 points from 2015 (2.3%) to 2025 (3.5%), but the annual CPS series is noisy, with a low of 1.7% in 2021.^[4][10][1]
4. The ACS 2020 to 2024 5-year estimate puts women at 23,570 of 964,436 US electricians, a share of 2.44% (+/- 0.12 points).^[24][25]
5. The ACS 2025 1-year estimate is 26,730 women of 1,016,765 electricians, or 2.63% (+/- 0.33 points).^[26][27]
6. Among the 28 states with reliable counts, Washington has the highest women's share of electricians at 5.43% (+/- 0.94 points) and Georgia the lowest at 1.39% (ACS PUMS, 2015 to 2024 average).^[28][39]
7. California (1,810), Texas (1,571) and Florida (1,520) have the most women electricians by count (ACS PUMS, 2015 to 2024 average).^[28][39]
8. 5 states have a women's share of electricians significantly above the pooled US figure of 2.34% and 10 significantly below it at 90% confidence (ACS PUMS, 2015 to 2024 average).^[28][39]
9. Full-time year-round women electricians had median annual earnings of $57,721 (+/- $4,440) in 2020 to 2024, 90.2% of the $63,961 (+/- $1,312) men's median, in 2024 dollars (ACS PUMS, United States, 722 sample records of women).^[28]
10. Women's share of all US jobs (47.1%) was 13.5 times their share of electrician jobs in 2025.^[1]
11. In 2025 women were 3.1% of carpenters, 3.1% of plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters, 2.7% of HVAC mechanics and 4.3% of all construction and extraction workers (CPS, United States).^[1]
12. Women were 4.4% of active registered electrician apprentices in FY 2024 (4,640 of 104,559) and 2.5% in FY 2015, in DOL RAPIDS records (United States, RAPIDS states); IWPR's published analysis gives 5.2% for FY 2024.^[38][34]
13. Women who completed an electrician apprenticeship in FY 2024 had a median hourly wage of $35.37, compared with $33.60 for men (IWPR, RAPIDS).^[34]
14. Women's median weekly earnings in construction and extraction occupations were $977 in 2025, 88.4% of men's $1,105 (CPS, full-time wage and salary).^[2]
15. Since 2025-01-13, OSHA's construction standard 29 CFR 1926.95(c) requires employers to select PPE that properly fits each affected employee.^[30][31]

In short

• Women were 3.5% of employed US electricians in the 2025 CPS annual averages, about 37,200 of 1,063,000 workers.
• The CPS share moved between 1.7% (2021) and 3.5% (2025) over 2015 to 2025; the 3-year average rose from 2.60% (2015 to 2017) to 3.10% (2023 to 2025).
• The Census ACS gives 2.44% for 2020 to 2024 and 2.63% for 2025, so the CPS figure for 2025 sits at the top of the federal range.
• By state, on ten years of pooled ACS microdata (2015 to 2024 average), the highest shares among states with reliable counts are Washington 5.4% (+/- 0.9 points), Oregon 4.5% (+/- 1.4 points), Mississippi 4.0% (+/- 1.3 points); 28 of 51 state counts are now reliable, up from 16 on the 2020 to 2024 file alone.
• Women's share of electricians (3.5%) is lower than in all construction and extraction jobs (4.3%) and slightly above carpenters and plumbers (3.1% each) in 2025.
• Women were 4.4% of active registered electrician apprentices in FY 2024 (4,640 of 104,559, DOL RAPIDS), up from 2.5% in FY 2015 and about 1.53 times their 2.9% share of employed electricians in 2024.
• BLS does not publish a median wage for women electricians (only 26,000 women held full-time wage and salary electrician jobs in 2025, below its 50,000 threshold); ACS microdata for 2020 to 2024 give full-time year-round women electricians a median of $57,721 a year vs $63,961 for men, 90.2% (+/- 7.2 points).
• Across construction and extraction occupations, women's median weekly earnings were $977 vs $1,105 for men in 2025 (88.4%), a narrower gap than across all occupations (82.1%).

Common questions

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How we built this report

Selection: national trend from the BLS Current Population Survey annual average Table 11 for each year 2015 to 2025, the latest annual release (2025 tables last modified 2026-02-20). National level cross-checked against the Census American Community Survey tables B24114 (all) and B24116 (women), 2020 to 2024 5-year (posted 2026-01-29) and 2025 1-year (files dated 2026-10-29). Weekly pay from CPS Table 39; annual pay by sex from ACS microdata. Apprentice shares from Department of Labor RAPIDS records, with IWPR's published analyses as a cross-check. Rules from the Federal Register and eCFR.

State estimates: the published ACS detailed occupation by sex tables are national only, and the keyless Census API returns a missing key error, so the Data Desk tabulated the ACS PUMS national person files (csv_pus.zip) from www2.census.gov. The first edition (2026-11-02) used the 2020 to 2024 5-year file alone, which left 35 of 51 state counts flagged as small samples. This revision pools the 2015 to 2019 and 2020 to 2024 5-year files, which cover different years and independent samples; every person weight and replicate weight is divided by 2, so estimates are 10-year averages. Both files carry one occupation variable (OCCP, 2018 Census codes per the data dictionaries and README); every electrician record has SOC 472111, and electrician records appear in each of the ten survey years. Universe: civilian employed (ESR 1 or 2) with occupation code 6355 (SOC 47-2111). 90% margins of error use the 80 successive difference replicate weights (MOE = 1.645 x sqrt(4/80 x sum of squared replicate differences)), not the generalized design-factor method; pooled count MOEs agree with the independent-file formula sqrt(MOE_A^2 + MOE_B^2) / 2 to within 34 persons.

Reliability: state counts with a coefficient of variation above 30%, fewer than 20 sample records of women electricians, or a zero estimate are flagged and are not used for headline rankings; 28 of 51 pass after pooling and 23 remain flagged. A state is called above or below the US only when the difference is significant at 90% confidence. CPS single-year shares for one occupation are noisy, so the report shows a 3-year average and avoids claims about one-year changes.

Pay: median annual earnings come from the ACS 2020 to 2024 5-year PUMS for electricians who were civilian employed, worked 50 or more weeks (WKWN) and usually 35 or more hours a week (WKHP), with positive total earnings (PERNP, including self-employment), adjusted to 2024 dollars with ADJINC. Medians are weighted; MOEs come from the 80 replicate medians. The sample holds 722 women and 34,486 men; only 1 state has 50 or more records of women, so pay is national only. The CPS full-time wage and salary concept (weekly, employees only) differs and is not comparable.

Apprentices: counts come from the Department of Labor's RAPIDS records published on data.colorado.gov (dataset bgbq-h7em, snapshot through March 2025, the latest downloadable copy), queried as grouped counts by fiscal year, occupation title and sex; no record-level data were stored. Electrician means the core electrician and inside wireman titles used in the electrician apprenticeship report, non-military programs. Shares divide women by all apprentices, including those who did not self-identify sex. FY 2025 is partial in this snapshot and is not used. IWPR's 5.2% (Tier 2) is shown as a cross-check; IWPR does not publish its occupation list.

Conflicting numbers: the CPS (3.5% in 2025) and ACS (2.63% in 2025) differ. Both are shown with their survey names. The CPS is used for the long annual trend and the trade comparison because BLS publishes it every year by occupation; the ACS is used for states and pay because its microdata carry replicate weights for margins of error. RAPIDS and IWPR apprentice shares differ by less than one point; the Tier 1 RAPIDS count is the headline.

Exclusions: the DOL Apprentices by State dashboard (Tableau) could not be downloaded because the host returned a bot challenge; a DOL women's fact sheet returned page not found and the Internet Archive lookup was rate limited. These are logged in excluded.md. Vendor, school and job-board pages were not used as data.

Derived metrics are listed with formulas and input rows in derived_metrics.csv and reproduced by the scripts in scripts/ (pums_extract.py, pums_pool.py, pull_rapids_sex.py, rapids_sex.py, build_report.py, tables_charts.py, report_text.py). Figures are not advice. First published 2026-11-02; revised 2026-11-05.

This report presents published data with its limitations. It is not legal, financial or investment advice.

Sources by tier

Tier 1: primary and official sources (38)

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Tier 3: journalism and expert commentary (1)

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